1966 - 70, SUNY at Binghamton, B.A. , Biology, Cum Laude
1970 - 74, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, M.D., Medicine
1989 - 90, UC Berkeley School of Public Health, M.P.H. , Nutritional Epidemiology
1974 - 75, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, Intern, Medicine
1975 - 76, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, Resident , Medicine
1976 - 77, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, Resident , Medicine
1977 - 78, SUNY Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, Chief Resident, Medicine
1990 - 92, UCSF/SFVAMC, San Francisco, CA, Fellow, Medicine